The study provides information on the scale, characteristics and trends of migrant smuggling from third countries to the EU. It also analyses legal and political frameworks as well as programmes and operational responses implemented by selected EU Member States and third countries in the fight against migrant smuggling to the EU. The research tools included an EMN Ad-Hoc Query, interviews with stakeholders at the international, EU and national level and five Case Studies focused on specific routes of smuggled migrants. The study was carried out by a consortium of Optimity Advisors, International Center for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) and European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), commissioned by the European Commission.
Smuggling of Migrants: Characteristics, Responses and Cooperation with Third Countries (2015)
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